With the introduction of AI and big data technologies, the oil and gas exploration field has realized a paradigm shift in the drilling process from being experience-driven to data-driven. At the same time, geology-engineering integration services also have shifted from "drilling wells successfully" to "drilling wells quickly". However, the integration technology still remains at the optimization and improvement phase of the working mode and operation process. During drilling in complex formations, there are still technical problems such as limited penetration rate, low trajectory control accuracy, and lagging response to downhole risks, which restrict the further development of this field. AI technology provides a new path to break through the bottlenecks： Through dynamic Mechanical Specific Energy （MSE） modeling and real-time optimization, accurate mapping from formation characteristics to engineering parameters is achieved. With this as the core, an intelligent drilling optimization system driven by the three cores of "data, decision and execution" has been built to achieve full-process closed-loop optimization. It has been successfully applied in the on-site drilling construction process, verifying that this system can improve penetration rate, reduce non-production time, and effectively control the deviation of the wellbore trajectory. This study provides theoretical support for the development of the intelligent drilling optimization system, reveals the transformation of digital technology to the traditional drilling optimization working mode, and provides replicable solution at the engineering level.

Based on the introduction of the common mud logging techniques and their functions in shale oil exploration and development in China, analysis is focused on the problems of using TOC as the most important parameter to evaluate oil-containing conditions of shale oil in shale oil reservoir evaluation. It is concluded that TOC parameter composition, rock pyrolysis analysis mechanism and practical data have proved that the liquid hydrocarbon content of shale oil reservoirs and the production of shale oil horizontal wells are not correlated with TOC, so it is misleading to take TOC as the necessary parameter to evaluate the oil-containing conditions of shale oil reservoirs. A new idea is proposed to evaluate the oil-containing conditions of shale oil reservoirs by replacing TOC with S₁ which directly reflects the liquid hydrocarbon content of shale oil reservoirs in rock pyrolysis logging. Combined with the characteristics of shale oil accumulation and the functions of different mud logging techniques, it is concluded that： Shale oil oiliness can be judged by using rock pyrolysis parameter T_max and regression analysis of rock pyrolysis logging data to predict crude oil density. Formation fluid pressure can be judged by gas logging net added value, aftereffect, "single peak", drilling fluid parameters and trough surface observation. The porosity obtained from multi-dimensional NMR data and gas logging regression data can be used to judge the physical properties of shale oil reservoirs. Lithofacies and fractures can be judged by core and related analysis data. Using XRD, XRF and lithology can judge the formation fracability. Based on the analyses of evaluation parameters, combined with the evaluation parameters of domestic shale oil breakthrough blocks and the analyses of related data, the evaluation parameter system of shale oil reservoirs was established.

Traditional single mud logging interpretation methods often have poor applicability due to their own technical limitations, requiring the establishment of different charts based on different oil and gas properties. There is a wide variety of charts to manually discriminating oil-gas properties in advance. Therefore, by combining the key parameters T_g and P_g of gas logging and geochemical logging, two corrected parameters T_g-Corr and P_g·P_S are further proposed to establish a set of oil-gas-water interpretation combination charts with less influence from oil-gas properties and strong applicability. The application results of the charts in oil-gas-water interpretation of 20 second-order structural belts in Bohai Oilfield show that the average interpretation coincidence rate reaches 86.3%, which significantly improves the mud logging interpretation accuracy of oil,gas and water in well site. The successful application of this method also provides a new idea for mud logging interpretation, which has certain popularizing value and application prospects.

针对塔里木油田塔中、塔北、库车三大区块目的层埋深大、构造复杂、地层压力系统差异大、非均质性强以及钻井工艺提升导致的岩屑细碎、地质界面识别不清楚,碳酸盐岩地层划分、界面卡取及膏盐岩层界面卡取难,钻遇高压盐水层及孔、缝、洞发育段出现易漏、溢、卡的钻井复杂加大经济成本,影响钻井周期等一系列问题,在现场录井的基础上,利用元素录井技术将地层资料数据化、曲线化并成图,可直观反映地层变化特征。通过区域井应用元素录井技术并总结、寻找规律,进而对岩性进行有效识别、预判膏盐岩层底部界线、进行碳酸盐岩地层划分和层位卡取,在钻遇异常高压层及孔、缝、洞发育段实现提前预警、规避钻井复杂,在油气勘探开发领域切实发挥了元素录井技术优势。

In order to realize the precise measurement of the drilling fluid outlet flow and ensure the timely discovery of lost circulation, well kick, overflow and other anomalies during the drilling process,after fully investigating various flow measurement modes, ultrasonic Doppler and Coriolis flow principles were selected to carry out the research and development of precise detection devices for drilling fluid outlet flow. Through sufficient experimental verification, the advantages and disadvantages of the two devices were analyzed to give solutions for realizing the precise detection of drilling fluid outlet flow. In the future, precise measurement of drilling fluid flow will become a new high-end mud logging service project, which can further expand the field of mud logging technology services.

As new target strata of Upper Paleozoic exploration in Ordos Basin in recent years, Taiyuan Formation limestone reservoirs have obvious gas bearing shows in mud logging. Although natural gas accumulation conditions are available, the interpretation conclusions of conventional gas logging methods based on clastic rocks have a low coincidence rate with the gas testing results. Gas logging evaluation factor was constructed by screening five parameters： total hyarocarbon base value, total hydrocarbon relative peak area, reservoir effective thickness, gas logging abnormal showing thickness and total hydrocarbon base value uplift. Combined with on-site gas testing data, a gas logging evaluation factor interpretation chart was established, and a contour map of gas logging evaluation factor was drawn to quantitatively evaluate the gas bearing properties of the reservoirs, forming a new mud logging interpretation method for the geological characteristics of limestone reservoirs. The evaluations of single well productivity by this method are highly consistent with the gas testing results, providing a reliable mud logging basis for evaluating the exploration potential and optimizing favorable target areas for Taiyuan Formation limestones in Ordos Basin.

Element logging data has many advantages, such as more content, numerous information,quantification and analysis while drilling. Different elements and element ratios reflect different stratigraphic information.On the basis of a brief introduction of the basic principles of element logging, the main elements or element ratios reflecting the mineral composition and depositional environment, the information contained in element logging is fully explored. The shale thickness is judged by applying element logging correlation curve changes combined with lithology. The paleo-water-depth and paleoproductivity can be judged by the element ratios reflecting the depositional environment, and then the shale volume and organic matter abundance can be estimated. The lithofacies and brittle mineral content are qualitatively analyzed by the changes of correlated element curves and ratios, and then the formation compressibility is judged. The stratigraphic identification and correlation and wellbore trajectory adjustment are carried out by using the content curves of main rock-forming elements. It provides a basis for selecting blocks, layers and intervals of shale oil, and horizontal well geosteering.

随着油田富油洼槽二次勘探的不断深入,勘探开发目标向深埋藏、低渗透、非常规、难动用储集层发展,为解决传统录井解释中以单项解释为主,缺乏综合评价模型与评价标准的难题,引入数据挖掘技术,应用SPSS软件针对不同的油藏类型分别采用多元判别分析、因子分析、灰色关联分析方法,以气测、地化、定量荧光等录井资料及孔隙度、声波时差、电阻率等测井资料为基础,挖掘敏感参数,进行优化组合,建立了多技术综合应用的解释模型与评价图板。2017年、2018年在饶阳凹陷共97口井应用,经试油验证符合率为76.2%,与此前相比,解释符合率提高6%,取得了良好的应用效果。

钻录井数据整合是井场信息化平台建设重要的组成部分,是以钻录井现场数据采集为基础,对钻井、录井数据库进行整合优化,完成钻井数据、录井数据分专业录入、跨专业提取和导入,实现数据统一存储,一次录入,多方共享。通过创新设计钻录井数据整合平台,在实现钻录井数据数字化管理的基础上,进一步实现钻井井身结构、井控组合等多种图件的自动成图功能,钻井报表导入导出功能和井史报告自动生成功能,同时实现数据迁移、统计分析等扩展功能,为钻录井研究人员和决策人员提供数据分析支撑。

In this paper, the big data technology and its application in drilling and completion of oil-gas fields were described, the big data of drilling and completion were analyzed and studied, the practical significance of establishing drilling and completion big data was further expounded, and the outline design of big data in oil-gas field drilling and completion and the application framework of big data analysis technology were put forward. It provides a technical reference for the establishment and operation of big data in oil -gas field drilling and completion. By studying and integrating the whole process data of drilling and completion plate, studying big data acquisition, storage, cloud computing and other technologies, the design and establishment of oil -gas field drilling and completion big data were carried out. This paper lays a foundation for the construction of advanced drilling and completion technology service, and the development trend of big data application in drilling and completion is prospected. From the aspects of geology, engineering and engineering geology integration and Remote Real-time Operation Center(RTOC) of drilling and completion, this paper briefly introduces the application and market prospect of drilling and completion big data, and shows the great value of drilling and completion big data.

以研究应用综合录井参数在钻进中对溢流的预报方法为目的,基于对综合录井参数异常与工程异常类型相关性的认识,总结出钻进过程中溢流的预报方法为:从钻头→井筒→钻井液出口→池体积依次展开监测与预报。通过对现场已发生工程异常实时图的分析,综合观察钻时、悬重、钻压、转盘扭矩、转速、立管压力、泵冲数参数的变化,判断是否钻入储集层和异常高压过渡带;通过分析悬重、立管压力、泵冲冲数、出口流量、总池体积参数的变化规律分析判断在钻遇储集层和异常高压过渡带后是否发生井侵。当钻井液性能发生微变时,说明地层流体已开始侵入井筒,是疑似溢流的明显标志;当全烃峰值持续上升达到某一值或饱和状态无下降趋势时,说明地层流体在不间断地侵入井筒,即发生溢流的明显警告;当钻井液性能发生明显变化,全烃峰值持续上升达到某一峰值或饱和状态无下降趋势时,出口流量上升和总池体积增加说明溢流已经发生。依此展开溢流监测与预报工作,既有利于指导现场操作人员提高溢流预报准确率,也有利于拓展相关井控程序开发人员对录井参数的应用思路。

岩石热解录井除具有评价烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度,判断生烃潜量及为页岩油气选区、选层、选段提供依据等功用外,因其具有分析快捷、实时、定量化、不受地层水性质影响的特点,还在低孔隙度低渗透率储集层、复杂储集层、特殊烃组分油层、低电阻率及低显示级别油气显示层识别与评价等方面具有优势,此外在评价储集层物性、判断储集层油质方面也具有一定的价值。但随着勘探开发的深入以及水平井、PDC钻头等先进钻井技术的广泛应用,岩石热解录井显现出分析速度跟不上钻井速度、岩屑细碎、样品挑取困难、有机碳分析温度低、解释评价结论不能满足甲方需求等问题。针对这些问题,提出了完善推广高温有机碳分析仪、研制新型一机多炉储油岩专用分析仪、岩液一体化分析、精细解释评价、拓展岩石热解录井应用空间的建议。

水平井的水平段由于岩屑重力效应及钻具偏心严重,产生的岩屑或掉块极易滞留环空,导致井眼清洁不良和井壁失稳问题,严重影响井下安全。为了实现水平井施工现场井眼清洁定量化监测与分析,设计了一种井场岩屑流量测量装置,研究水平井岩屑体积平衡计算方法,建立水平井岩屑体积平衡分析流程,实现水平井钻进过程岩屑体积随钻跟踪。现场应用表明,利用水平井岩屑体积平衡计算方法可以帮助定量评价井眼清洁异常情况,通过施工优化,提高井眼清洁程度,降低卡钻风险。

Traditional geochemical pyrolysis technology has the problem of the easy loss of light components of hydrocarbons during the analysis process, resulting in the distortion of the geochemical pyrolysis parameter S₀, and the loss process of light hydrocarbons is affected by various factors. The current pyrolysis correction and restoration methods still cannot accurately restore the actual hydrocarbon content of the sample, which have constrained the accurate evaluation and application of traditional geochemical pyrolysis technology to shale oil mobility. In response to the above problems, a method of applying the four-temperature-step sealed pyrolysis logging technology to evaluating the mobility of shale oil in the Weixinan sag is proposed. The sum of S_g and S₀₁ values obtained by this method is defined as the S₀ of the four-temperature-step sealed pyrolysis,which is 35.7 times higher than the S₀ of on-site rock pyrolysis, and the gradient analysis of the full-component hydrocarbons is realized. Obtained from the four-temperature-step sealed pyrolysis and on-site pyrolysis TOC for the cored intervals of well WYX 1 of Weizhou X structure, the average oil saturation index （OSI） is 258 mg/g, the average gaseous hydrocarbon index is 0.085, and the average ratio of light hydrocarbon to heavy hydrocarbon ratio is 0.35, indicating that the shale oil in the study area has good mobility and potential for exploitation. The four-temperature-step sealed pyrolysis logging technology can effectively avoid the loss of light hydrocarbon, realize the accurate determination of gaseous hydrocarbon and free hydrocarbon content, reduce the real hydrocarbon content of shale, and provide a reliable method for evaluating the mobility of offshore shale oil.

页岩评价参数主要依赖测井或实验室资料,为随钻评价带来了难题。鉴于元素是岩石组成的基本单元,与岩石组分、电性特征等存在紧密联系,通过建立元素与页岩评价参数之间的数学计算模型,实现了岩石硅质含量、钙质含量、泥质含量、岩石密度、含气量5种关键参数的随钻计算。将建立的页岩评价参数随钻计算模型在四川盆地永川工区YY 3-1直井与YY 3-1HF井水平段现场应用,通过XRF元素录井计算的页岩评价参数与ECS测井、常规测井、气测录井评价结果吻合,取得了良好应用效果。

In order to reduce the workload of data reporting for drilling site operators and standardize the data reporting process, a drilling data push platform based on CNPC Instant Messenger has been designed and developed. By analyzing the current business status and demands, it clearly takes CNPC Instant Messenger as the push channel, and determines the push content and push strategy. The drilling data push platform software is developed based on .NET framework and applied to production data push. The practice has shown that using CNPC Instant Messenger for data push has the characteristics of high automation and safer data compared to manual data reporting, which helps to improve the work efficiency of data reporting and the level of enterprise informatization management.

随着数据的爆发式增长和大数据技术的不断发展,数据挖掘技术已成为数据分析和知识发现的重要手段。为拓展数据挖掘技术在录井方向上的系统应用思路,在调研、总结其他领域数据挖掘知识及应用方法的基础上,尝试使用渤海油田地化录井数据构建原油性质判别模型,实现了数据挖掘技术在录井解释中的应用,并在特征工程、模型训练等方面积累了经验。构建原油性质判别模型的过程及模型预测结果表明,使用合理的步骤、参数及算法进行数据挖掘,可有效、快速地进行录井解释,数据挖掘技术值得更深入地研究及开发应用。

石油快速钻井技术的推广与应用在提高机械钻速的同时,也缩短了钻遇地层岩屑样品捞取时间,同时岩屑样品粒径变小,给岩屑录井带来难以准确识别钻遇地层岩性的不利影响。针对录井工程面临的技术难题,录井技术人员研究出一系列光谱检测识别岩性技术。为进一步对比不同光谱岩性识别技术的优缺点,分别阐释了基于光谱检测技术的X射线元素录井技术、X射线衍射录井技术、激光识别岩性技术的原理及技术特点,对基于激光诱导击穿光谱的谱图识别岩性、元素组合关系识别岩性、砂岩-泥岩-碳酸盐岩三角图板识别岩性、Ca/Mg比值数据识别碳酸盐岩等多项技术进行了重点分析,并给出了录井施工应用实例,描述了现有技术存在的技术缺陷,探讨了成分检测在今后岩性识别中的发展方向。

在传统的油气勘探开发中,碳同位素能够确定油气成熟储集层与烃源岩的关系、区分油气混合来源由于页岩气成分简单,组分中的同位素信息尤为重要。随着同位素分析技术快速发展,国内外开始尝试在现场发展实时同位素录井技术,各大油服、仪器公司相继研发出同位素录井设备,在现场进行测试。碳同位素录井是一种在油气勘探开发现场的快速、连续、准确、经济获取同位素信息的新型录井技术,对地质条件下油气藏的发现和检测提供了实时和连续的地球化学表征,为录井工作提供了全新的数据来源和数据解释。碳同位素录井技术已逐渐被国内油气勘探开发单位所接受,以东营和南川两口井的碳同位素录井为例,总结碳同位素录井技术的起源及发展、碳同位素录井方法及其优势,并展望该技术未来更加广阔的应用前景。

基于红外光谱吸收法检测受其他气体干扰较小的优势，研制开发了红外ＣＯ_２
检测仪，简介了其检测原理、
构成、配套电路。红外光谱吸收法的核心是红外发光源、红外传感器及信号采集处理部分。根据红外传感器特点
提出一种信号采集方法，与目前常用的采集方法对比表明，在同等配置条件下，这种方法具有更优的分布离散程
度。

The cold weather in the north of China in winter brings many problems to the on-site compound logging. It is particularly important to strengthen the cold protection and maintenance of the equipments, which is the premise to ensure the normal operation of the on-site comprehensive mud logging unit in winter and to ensure its stable working performance and measurement accuracy. The sensors,signal wires, auxiliary equipments of comprehensive mud logging unit and field bus of different types of comprehensive mud logging unit are similar. In the open-air environment in winter,the construction equipment and facilities easily get frost damage, deformation and signal distortion. In terms of the climate characteristics of the north in winter, measures against cold and frost are formulated.The best and feasible cold protection and maintenance plan are chosen. For the northern comprehensive mud logging team in winter, it is a fair suggestion to make sure that prevention is prior to treatment.

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田含油饱和度高的储集层测试往往为干层或水层,这是因为含油饱和度仅反映岩石空间中含油饱满程度,并不反映其可动流体的含油量。为提高储集层流体性质解释符合率,应用大量岩心核磁共振分析数据,开展了核磁共振谱图含油特征分析和可动油饱和度流体性质评价方法研究。首先,借鉴低渗储集层可动流体储集层物性评价方法,以可动流体中含油量为主要依据开展流体性质评价;其次,在物性评价基础上,开展有效储集层(Ⅲ类以上)含油饱和度和可动油饱和度与试油结论对比分析,建立可动油饱和度流体性质评价图板。结合物性评价将储集层流体划分为4类,解决了低渗储集层流体性质解释评价问题。研究认为可动流体中的可动油对低渗储集层流体性质起关键性作用,如果原油在储集层内以束缚油形式存在,即使含油饱和度高也不产油,从而有效解决了红河油田含油饱和度高试油不出油问题。这种方法对类似低渗储集层流体性质评价也有效。

湖南保靖页岩气区块地质构造复杂、岩石致密、断层和褶皱发育、地层倾角变化大、下志留统龙马溪组地层分布广泛、有机质含量高但优质页岩层薄,水平井钻井存在水平段长、纵向靶窗范围小、埋深不确定、标志层不明显、可钻性差等困难,给井眼轨迹控制和地质导向钻井带来挑战,实钻中井眼轨迹存在脱靶和出层风险。针对上述难点,基于地震解释、邻井地层评价等资料,水平井段采用先进的旋转导向钻井系统,推广应用“钻前地质建模、随钻测量/测井、钻后综合评价” 三大关键技术,即:钻前根据储集层特征,制定高自然伽马结合高气测全烃值引导钻头向前钻进的地质导向方案;钻井过程中利用随钻成像测井拾取地层倾角,结合录井岩屑和气测显示,对比地层,分析钻头和地层的切割关系,实现井眼轨迹精细化控制和储集层精准追踪、识别;钻后综合解释、全面评价划分有效页岩气储集层。完钻后统计储集层钻遇率100%,机械钻速7.36~8.88 m/h,达到了优快钻井目的,实现了页岩气勘探高效、低成本开发。

在石油钻井施工过程中若钻遇岩层构造裂缝,往往会导致不同程度的钻井液漏失。由于地层裂缝发育的非均质性特点,钻井施工现场尚无有效方法对裂缝发育情况进行预判,需在钻井井漏发生以后再采取堵漏措施,不仅造成了施工成本的增加还造成了钻井周期的延长。为此,提出一种用主曲率法预测因裂缝导致井漏的方法,将岩层视为一个几何实体,采用趋势面方法建立区域岩层构造模型,运用微分几何中的主曲率法来刻画岩层弯曲变形程度,以实钻井情况作为约束条件确定井漏的主曲率范围,从而以主曲率场的分布特征来指示构造裂缝发育区带,达到预测井漏的目的。该方法在西北油田顺北区块钻井现场进行了应用,结果表明主曲率法能有效预测井漏并指导钻井现场进行安全、高效地施工。

In view of the inefficiency and high cost of current oil well management,administrators are not able to accurately know the on-site production status in real time,an automatic analysis intelligent oil well management system based on visual intelligent monitoring and neural network expert system is proposed. Compared with traditional oil well management system,intelligent oil well management system can realize real-time transmission of on-site production data,improving the real-time characteristic and authenticity of data. Real-time monitoring of oil well production site through intelligent camera device improves oil well production safety. When the on-site production fails,the system automatically recognizes it through the neural network expert system,intelligently opens and shuts in the well and informs the on-site personnel to dispose in time,improving the production efficiency. The system comprehensively perceives oilfield production performance and realizes visual intelligent monitoring of oilfields. The forecast of the trend of oil and gas fields continuously optimizes oil and gas field management. The intelligent oil well management system has been installed in more than 120 wells,the field application effect is good.

In order to overcome the safety risk brought by abnormal formation high pressure to well site drilling operation, the technology of formation pressure monitoring while drilling is usually used in Bohai Oilfield. However, dc index model in this technology is not suitable for PDC bit used in Bohai Oilfield. The formation drillability model dr of PDC bit in Bohai Oilfield was reconstructed based on the modified Young's drilling rate equation and field real drilling data. The abnormal high pressure zone of an exploration well in Bozhong sag was successfully identified by using this model, and the formation pressure curve can be calculated and simulated to provide the basis for reasonable selection of drilling fluid density in the field, so as to ensure downhole safety and successful completion of geological reservoir exploration tasks.

In order to continuously promote the intelligent upgrading of mud logging industry, change the traditional mud logging operation mode, combined with the current mud logging situation and the actual needs of exploration and development, this paper focuses on four aspects of the smart mud logging platform： automatic extraction system of cuttings, digital and intelligent identification system of cuttings, automatic analysis system of mechanical arm and intelligent interpretation and evaluation system while drilling. New mode of smart mud logging platform construction has been implemented in well MY 1H and other wells of Changqing Oilfield, which reshapes the process and decision-making mechanism of mud logging industry, reduces the influence of human factors, improves mud logging efficiency, reduces personnel cost and effectively improves the automation, intelligence and digital level of mud logging process. It provides new ideas and new schemes for solving the bottleneck problem of traditional mud logging technology.

With the development of information technology, the demand for data transmission between oil companies and service companies at home and abroad has increased sharply, and it has become a consensus to establish data transmission standards. WITS standard proposed in the 1980s solved the problem of data transmission at that time. WITSML standard based on this standard has good extendability and becomes a new generation of data transmission standard. In this paper, the birth, development and evolution of the data transmission standards and the basic content and correlation of each version of WITS and WITSML standards are expounded, the advantages and disadvantages of each version and the application are analyzed, a complete picture of the standards of well site information transmission is presented.

Stratigraphic correlation plays a very important role in geological logging operations, and it is of great significance for the understanding of the drilling strata and the prejudgment of the lower strata. Geological personnel mainly use cuttings profile, and combine with drilling time, gas logging, cuttings color change and other parameters for stratigraphic correlation. In the case of logging while drilling, log data can be used to carry out formation correlation. However, as the lithology of the drilled formation is single, the available parameters are reduced when using cuttings logging profile to make correlation, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of correlation. Formation pressure monitoring technology was used for this purpose. Using dc exponent, interval transit time and pore pressure curve data, a fine correlation of large mudstone formation was made. In the case of a single mudstone section, the correlation and difference of horizon between this well and its neighboring well are found through the variation of fine parameters within the mudstone section. It provides effective technical support for geologic drilling purposes and drilling engineering safety.

油气上窜速度是现场油气层评价和井控安全评估的关键参数,其准确与否直接关系到现场钻井施工的井控安全。通过对油气上窜速度影响因素的分析得知,地质因素和非地质因素是影响油气上窜速度的两类主要原因,而非地质因素中的钻具排替作用则是现场油气上窜速度计算存在误差的主要影响因素。通过对钻具排替作用影响的分析,得出不同工况下油气上窜速度传统理论计算方法的改进公式。现场应用表明,改进后的计算方法能有效消除钻具排替作用的影响,为保障钻井施工的井控安全、随钻压力监测以及油气层评价提供准确依据。