针对塔里木油田塔中、塔北、库车三大区块目的层埋深大、构造复杂、地层压力系统差异大、非均质性强以及钻井工艺提升导致的岩屑细碎、地质界面识别不清楚,碳酸盐岩地层划分、界面卡取及膏盐岩层界面卡取难,钻遇高压盐水层及孔、缝、洞发育段出现易漏、溢、卡的钻井复杂加大经济成本,影响钻井周期等一系列问题,在现场录井的基础上,利用元素录井技术将地层资料数据化、曲线化并成图,可直观反映地层变化特征。通过区域井应用元素录井技术并总结、寻找规律,进而对岩性进行有效识别、预判膏盐岩层底部界线、进行碳酸盐岩地层划分和层位卡取,在钻遇异常高压层及孔、缝、洞发育段实现提前预警、规避钻井复杂,在油气勘探开发领域切实发挥了元素录井技术优势。

基于红外光谱吸收法检测受其他气体干扰较小的优势，研制开发了红外ＣＯ_２
检测仪，简介了其检测原理、
构成、配套电路。红外光谱吸收法的核心是红外发光源、红外传感器及信号采集处理部分。根据红外传感器特点
提出一种信号采集方法，与目前常用的采集方法对比表明，在同等配置条件下，这种方法具有更优的分布离散程
度。

钻录井数据整合是井场信息化平台建设重要的组成部分,是以钻录井现场数据采集为基础,对钻井、录井数据库进行整合优化,完成钻井数据、录井数据分专业录入、跨专业提取和导入,实现数据统一存储,一次录入,多方共享。通过创新设计钻录井数据整合平台,在实现钻录井数据数字化管理的基础上,进一步实现钻井井身结构、井控组合等多种图件的自动成图功能,钻井报表导入导出功能和井史报告自动生成功能,同时实现数据迁移、统计分析等扩展功能,为钻录井研究人员和决策人员提供数据分析支撑。

随着油田富油洼槽二次勘探的不断深入,勘探开发目标向深埋藏、低渗透、非常规、难动用储集层发展,为解决传统录井解释中以单项解释为主,缺乏综合评价模型与评价标准的难题,引入数据挖掘技术,应用SPSS软件针对不同的油藏类型分别采用多元判别分析、因子分析、灰色关联分析方法,以气测、地化、定量荧光等录井资料及孔隙度、声波时差、电阻率等测井资料为基础,挖掘敏感参数,进行优化组合,建立了多技术综合应用的解释模型与评价图板。2017年、2018年在饶阳凹陷共97口井应用,经试油验证符合率为76.2%,与此前相比,解释符合率提高6%,取得了良好的应用效果。

以研究应用综合录井参数在钻进中对溢流的预报方法为目的,基于对综合录井参数异常与工程异常类型相关性的认识,总结出钻进过程中溢流的预报方法为:从钻头→井筒→钻井液出口→池体积依次展开监测与预报。通过对现场已发生工程异常实时图的分析,综合观察钻时、悬重、钻压、转盘扭矩、转速、立管压力、泵冲数参数的变化,判断是否钻入储集层和异常高压过渡带;通过分析悬重、立管压力、泵冲冲数、出口流量、总池体积参数的变化规律分析判断在钻遇储集层和异常高压过渡带后是否发生井侵。当钻井液性能发生微变时,说明地层流体已开始侵入井筒,是疑似溢流的明显标志;当全烃峰值持续上升达到某一值或饱和状态无下降趋势时,说明地层流体在不间断地侵入井筒,即发生溢流的明显警告;当钻井液性能发生明显变化,全烃峰值持续上升达到某一峰值或饱和状态无下降趋势时,出口流量上升和总池体积增加说明溢流已经发生。依此展开溢流监测与预报工作,既有利于指导现场操作人员提高溢流预报准确率,也有利于拓展相关井控程序开发人员对录井参数的应用思路。

In this paper, the big data technology and its application in drilling and completion of oil-gas fields were described, the big data of drilling and completion were analyzed and studied, the practical significance of establishing drilling and completion big data was further expounded, and the outline design of big data in oil-gas field drilling and completion and the application framework of big data analysis technology were put forward. It provides a technical reference for the establishment and operation of big data in oil -gas field drilling and completion. By studying and integrating the whole process data of drilling and completion plate, studying big data acquisition, storage, cloud computing and other technologies, the design and establishment of oil -gas field drilling and completion big data were carried out. This paper lays a foundation for the construction of advanced drilling and completion technology service, and the development trend of big data application in drilling and completion is prospected. From the aspects of geology, engineering and engineering geology integration and Remote Real-time Operation Center(RTOC) of drilling and completion, this paper briefly introduces the application and market prospect of drilling and completion big data, and shows the great value of drilling and completion big data.

岩石热解录井除具有评价烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度,判断生烃潜量及为页岩油气选区、选层、选段提供依据等功用外,因其具有分析快捷、实时、定量化、不受地层水性质影响的特点,还在低孔隙度低渗透率储集层、复杂储集层、特殊烃组分油层、低电阻率及低显示级别油气显示层识别与评价等方面具有优势,此外在评价储集层物性、判断储集层油质方面也具有一定的价值。但随着勘探开发的深入以及水平井、PDC钻头等先进钻井技术的广泛应用,岩石热解录井显现出分析速度跟不上钻井速度、岩屑细碎、样品挑取困难、有机碳分析温度低、解释评价结论不能满足甲方需求等问题。针对这些问题,提出了完善推广高温有机碳分析仪、研制新型一机多炉储油岩专用分析仪、岩液一体化分析、精细解释评价、拓展岩石热解录井应用空间的建议。

水平井的水平段由于岩屑重力效应及钻具偏心严重,产生的岩屑或掉块极易滞留环空,导致井眼清洁不良和井壁失稳问题,严重影响井下安全。为了实现水平井施工现场井眼清洁定量化监测与分析,设计了一种井场岩屑流量测量装置,研究水平井岩屑体积平衡计算方法,建立水平井岩屑体积平衡分析流程,实现水平井钻进过程岩屑体积随钻跟踪。现场应用表明,利用水平井岩屑体积平衡计算方法可以帮助定量评价井眼清洁异常情况,通过施工优化,提高井眼清洁程度,降低卡钻风险。

随着数据的爆发式增长和大数据技术的不断发展,数据挖掘技术已成为数据分析和知识发现的重要手段。为拓展数据挖掘技术在录井方向上的系统应用思路,在调研、总结其他领域数据挖掘知识及应用方法的基础上,尝试使用渤海油田地化录井数据构建原油性质判别模型,实现了数据挖掘技术在录井解释中的应用,并在特征工程、模型训练等方面积累了经验。构建原油性质判别模型的过程及模型预测结果表明,使用合理的步骤、参数及算法进行数据挖掘,可有效、快速地进行录井解释,数据挖掘技术值得更深入地研究及开发应用。

页岩评价参数主要依赖测井或实验室资料,为随钻评价带来了难题。鉴于元素是岩石组成的基本单元,与岩石组分、电性特征等存在紧密联系,通过建立元素与页岩评价参数之间的数学计算模型,实现了岩石硅质含量、钙质含量、泥质含量、岩石密度、含气量5种关键参数的随钻计算。将建立的页岩评价参数随钻计算模型在四川盆地永川工区YY 3-1直井与YY 3-1HF井水平段现场应用,通过XRF元素录井计算的页岩评价参数与ECS测井、常规测井、气测录井评价结果吻合,取得了良好应用效果。

The cold weather in the north of China in winter brings many problems to the on-site compound logging. It is particularly important to strengthen the cold protection and maintenance of the equipments, which is the premise to ensure the normal operation of the on-site comprehensive mud logging unit in winter and to ensure its stable working performance and measurement accuracy. The sensors,signal wires, auxiliary equipments of comprehensive mud logging unit and field bus of different types of comprehensive mud logging unit are similar. In the open-air environment in winter,the construction equipment and facilities easily get frost damage, deformation and signal distortion. In terms of the climate characteristics of the north in winter, measures against cold and frost are formulated.The best and feasible cold protection and maintenance plan are chosen. For the northern comprehensive mud logging team in winter, it is a fair suggestion to make sure that prevention is prior to treatment.

石油快速钻井技术的推广与应用在提高机械钻速的同时,也缩短了钻遇地层岩屑样品捞取时间,同时岩屑样品粒径变小,给岩屑录井带来难以准确识别钻遇地层岩性的不利影响。针对录井工程面临的技术难题,录井技术人员研究出一系列光谱检测识别岩性技术。为进一步对比不同光谱岩性识别技术的优缺点,分别阐释了基于光谱检测技术的X射线元素录井技术、X射线衍射录井技术、激光识别岩性技术的原理及技术特点,对基于激光诱导击穿光谱的谱图识别岩性、元素组合关系识别岩性、砂岩-泥岩-碳酸盐岩三角图板识别岩性、Ca/Mg比值数据识别碳酸盐岩等多项技术进行了重点分析,并给出了录井施工应用实例,描述了现有技术存在的技术缺陷,探讨了成分检测在今后岩性识别中的发展方向。

Based on the introduction of the common mud logging techniques and their functions in shale oil exploration and development in China, analysis is focused on the problems of using TOC as the most important parameter to evaluate oil-containing conditions of shale oil in shale oil reservoir evaluation. It is concluded that TOC parameter composition, rock pyrolysis analysis mechanism and practical data have proved that the liquid hydrocarbon content of shale oil reservoirs and the production of shale oil horizontal wells are not correlated with TOC, so it is misleading to take TOC as the necessary parameter to evaluate the oil-containing conditions of shale oil reservoirs. A new idea is proposed to evaluate the oil-containing conditions of shale oil reservoirs by replacing TOC with S₁ which directly reflects the liquid hydrocarbon content of shale oil reservoirs in rock pyrolysis logging. Combined with the characteristics of shale oil accumulation and the functions of different mud logging techniques, it is concluded that： Shale oil oiliness can be judged by using rock pyrolysis parameter T_max and regression analysis of rock pyrolysis logging data to predict crude oil density. Formation fluid pressure can be judged by gas logging net added value, aftereffect, "single peak", drilling fluid parameters and trough surface observation. The porosity obtained from multi-dimensional NMR data and gas logging regression data can be used to judge the physical properties of shale oil reservoirs. Lithofacies and fractures can be judged by core and related analysis data. Using XRD, XRF and lithology can judge the formation fracability. Based on the analyses of evaluation parameters, combined with the evaluation parameters of domestic shale oil breakthrough blocks and the analyses of related data, the evaluation parameter system of shale oil reservoirs was established.

在传统的油气勘探开发中,碳同位素能够确定油气成熟储集层与烃源岩的关系、区分油气混合来源由于页岩气成分简单,组分中的同位素信息尤为重要。随着同位素分析技术快速发展,国内外开始尝试在现场发展实时同位素录井技术,各大油服、仪器公司相继研发出同位素录井设备,在现场进行测试。碳同位素录井是一种在油气勘探开发现场的快速、连续、准确、经济获取同位素信息的新型录井技术,对地质条件下油气藏的发现和检测提供了实时和连续的地球化学表征,为录井工作提供了全新的数据来源和数据解释。碳同位素录井技术已逐渐被国内油气勘探开发单位所接受,以东营和南川两口井的碳同位素录井为例,总结碳同位素录井技术的起源及发展、碳同位素录井方法及其优势,并展望该技术未来更加广阔的应用前景。

在石油钻井施工过程中若钻遇岩层构造裂缝,往往会导致不同程度的钻井液漏失。由于地层裂缝发育的非均质性特点,钻井施工现场尚无有效方法对裂缝发育情况进行预判,需在钻井井漏发生以后再采取堵漏措施,不仅造成了施工成本的增加还造成了钻井周期的延长。为此,提出一种用主曲率法预测因裂缝导致井漏的方法,将岩层视为一个几何实体,采用趋势面方法建立区域岩层构造模型,运用微分几何中的主曲率法来刻画岩层弯曲变形程度,以实钻井情况作为约束条件确定井漏的主曲率范围,从而以主曲率场的分布特征来指示构造裂缝发育区带,达到预测井漏的目的。该方法在西北油田顺北区块钻井现场进行了应用,结果表明主曲率法能有效预测井漏并指导钻井现场进行安全、高效地施工。

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田含油饱和度高的储集层测试往往为干层或水层,这是因为含油饱和度仅反映岩石空间中含油饱满程度,并不反映其可动流体的含油量。为提高储集层流体性质解释符合率,应用大量岩心核磁共振分析数据,开展了核磁共振谱图含油特征分析和可动油饱和度流体性质评价方法研究。首先,借鉴低渗储集层可动流体储集层物性评价方法,以可动流体中含油量为主要依据开展流体性质评价;其次,在物性评价基础上,开展有效储集层(Ⅲ类以上)含油饱和度和可动油饱和度与试油结论对比分析,建立可动油饱和度流体性质评价图板。结合物性评价将储集层流体划分为4类,解决了低渗储集层流体性质解释评价问题。研究认为可动流体中的可动油对低渗储集层流体性质起关键性作用,如果原油在储集层内以束缚油形式存在,即使含油饱和度高也不产油,从而有效解决了红河油田含油饱和度高试油不出油问题。这种方法对类似低渗储集层流体性质评价也有效。

传统的钻井液脱气检测均在地面进行,信息滞后、气体组成变化等问题一直是困扰实时准确分析钻井液中轻烃气体含量的瓶颈,为了解决这一问题,探讨并尝试了将钻井液气体分离检测由地面向地下发展.目前与钻具结合的随钻气体分离检测技术在国外发展迅速.随钻气体分离检测技术中采用的脱气方法主要是膜分离,采用的气体检测方法是光电技术、微型色谱技术,地下随钻气体检测技术正朝着检测实时化、快速化、连续化和井下随钻气液分离、检测的方向发展.对国外有关专利成果和技术进行了归纳介绍.

In order to overcome the safety risk brought by abnormal formation high pressure to well site drilling operation, the technology of formation pressure monitoring while drilling is usually used in Bohai Oilfield. However, dc index model in this technology is not suitable for PDC bit used in Bohai Oilfield. The formation drillability model dr of PDC bit in Bohai Oilfield was reconstructed based on the modified Young's drilling rate equation and field real drilling data. The abnormal high pressure zone of an exploration well in Bozhong sag was successfully identified by using this model, and the formation pressure curve can be calculated and simulated to provide the basis for reasonable selection of drilling fluid density in the field, so as to ensure downhole safety and successful completion of geological reservoir exploration tasks.

湖南保靖页岩气区块地质构造复杂、岩石致密、断层和褶皱发育、地层倾角变化大、下志留统龙马溪组地层分布广泛、有机质含量高但优质页岩层薄,水平井钻井存在水平段长、纵向靶窗范围小、埋深不确定、标志层不明显、可钻性差等困难,给井眼轨迹控制和地质导向钻井带来挑战,实钻中井眼轨迹存在脱靶和出层风险。针对上述难点,基于地震解释、邻井地层评价等资料,水平井段采用先进的旋转导向钻井系统,推广应用“钻前地质建模、随钻测量/测井、钻后综合评价” 三大关键技术,即:钻前根据储集层特征,制定高自然伽马结合高气测全烃值引导钻头向前钻进的地质导向方案;钻井过程中利用随钻成像测井拾取地层倾角,结合录井岩屑和气测显示,对比地层,分析钻头和地层的切割关系,实现井眼轨迹精细化控制和储集层精准追踪、识别;钻后综合解释、全面评价划分有效页岩气储集层。完钻后统计储集层钻遇率100%,机械钻速7.36~8.88 m/h,达到了优快钻井目的,实现了页岩气勘探高效、低成本开发。

With the development of information technology, the demand for data transmission between oil companies and service companies at home and abroad has increased sharply, and it has become a consensus to establish data transmission standards. WITS standard proposed in the 1980s solved the problem of data transmission at that time. WITSML standard based on this standard has good extendability and becomes a new generation of data transmission standard. In this paper, the birth, development and evolution of the data transmission standards and the basic content and correlation of each version of WITS and WITSML standards are expounded, the advantages and disadvantages of each version and the application are analyzed, a complete picture of the standards of well site information transmission is presented.

In view of the inefficiency and high cost of current oil well management,administrators are not able to accurately know the on-site production status in real time,an automatic analysis intelligent oil well management system based on visual intelligent monitoring and neural network expert system is proposed. Compared with traditional oil well management system,intelligent oil well management system can realize real-time transmission of on-site production data,improving the real-time characteristic and authenticity of data. Real-time monitoring of oil well production site through intelligent camera device improves oil well production safety. When the on-site production fails,the system automatically recognizes it through the neural network expert system,intelligently opens and shuts in the well and informs the on-site personnel to dispose in time,improving the production efficiency. The system comprehensively perceives oilfield production performance and realizes visual intelligent monitoring of oilfields. The forecast of the trend of oil and gas fields continuously optimizes oil and gas field management. The intelligent oil well management system has been installed in more than 120 wells,the field application effect is good.

Unconventional oil and gas have their special geological characteristics and engineering characteristics. It is often difficult to meet the requirements by dividing oil and gas layers by a chart. Therefore, we need to break the traditional thinking and adopt unconventional ideas and methods to carry out comprehensive mud logging interpretation of this type of hydrocarbon reservoirs. For tight sandstone oil and gas, the process and method of three-identification and four-evaluation were put forward. In view of more than 10 parameters of geological evaluation of shale oil and gas reservoirs, the interpretation method of four parameters was established on the basis of the correlation between parameters and the maneuverability of mud logging. These ideas and methods have enriched the connotation of mud logging interpretation while meeting the requirements of unconventional oil and gas, and promoted the development of mud logging interpretation in the direction of quantification and accuracy.

The BZ oilfield reservoir is a typical viscous oil reservoir with medium and high porosity and permeability in Bohai Sea and is currently in a high water cut stage. The research on interwell dynamic connectivity in reservoirs has important guiding significance for tapping the potential of remaining oil in the later stage. The viscosity of crude oil in viscous oil reservoirs is high and there is a starting pressure gradient. Traditional research method of interwell dynamic connectivity is not suitable for viscous oil reservoirs. Therefore,water injection wells,production wells and their interwell media are regarded as a system based on the systematic analysis idea. According to the principle of material balance and the production description model of viscous oil reservoir,the influence of starting pressure gradient is considered. A new model for evaluating dynamic connectivity between injection and production wells in viscous oil reservoirs is established by using the injection and production data of the oilfield. And the least square principle inversion is used to obtain the correlation coefficient of injection and production,then the interwell dynamic connectivity in BZ oilfield is analyzed with this coefficient. The research results provide a scientific basis for the analysis of interwell dynamic connectivity in Bohai BZ oilfield and other similar oil reservoirs.

Stratigraphic correlation plays a very important role in geological logging operations, and it is of great significance for the understanding of the drilling strata and the prejudgment of the lower strata. Geological personnel mainly use cuttings profile, and combine with drilling time, gas logging, cuttings color change and other parameters for stratigraphic correlation. In the case of logging while drilling, log data can be used to carry out formation correlation. However, as the lithology of the drilled formation is single, the available parameters are reduced when using cuttings logging profile to make correlation, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of correlation. Formation pressure monitoring technology was used for this purpose. Using dc exponent, interval transit time and pore pressure curve data, a fine correlation of large mudstone formation was made. In the case of a single mudstone section, the correlation and difference of horizon between this well and its neighboring well are found through the variation of fine parameters within the mudstone section. It provides effective technical support for geologic drilling purposes and drilling engineering safety.

利用元素录井技术可获得岩石中元素的含量,从微观上分析岩石的组分构成,但岩性的准确定名成为亟需解决的难题。为此,通过Microsoft office中Excel函数实现火山岩元素录井数据的岩性自动化判别定名,即在Excel中把火山岩元素识别的TAS图板数字公式化,结合岩性定名条件,编制火山岩元素岩性识别定名Excel工作表。现场应用实例表明,该方法操作简单、便捷,不仅达到元素岩性精确定名,还提高了工作效率,提升元素录井技术的应用效果。

通过介绍光谱录井技术发展现状以及红外光谱录井技术在长庆油田大开发中的创新应用,证明红外光谱录井技术在解决长庆油田“三低”储集层油气显示发现中的重要作用与意义,阐明该技术在油气田“提速、提效、提质、提产”中的显著作用,并对该技术的后续发展进行展望。红外光谱录井技术在长庆油田创新应用十多年,显示出该项技术是油气田勘探开发中发现油气显示的一种适用的新型录井技术,是对常规气测录井的重要补充,具有近井口安装,快速检测C₁-C₅、C₅₊以及非烃CO、CO₂等14种气体等优势,在长庆油田录井作业中获得了很好的应用效果,对于提高油气层发现识别准确率和符合率、控制录井采集质量、提高油气田经济效益和社会效益有着十分重要的意义。

油气上窜速度是现场油气层评价和井控安全评估的关键参数,其准确与否直接关系到现场钻井施工的井控安全。通过对油气上窜速度影响因素的分析得知,地质因素和非地质因素是影响油气上窜速度的两类主要原因,而非地质因素中的钻具排替作用则是现场油气上窜速度计算存在误差的主要影响因素。通过对钻具排替作用影响的分析,得出不同工况下油气上窜速度传统理论计算方法的改进公式。现场应用表明,改进后的计算方法能有效消除钻具排替作用的影响,为保障钻井施工的井控安全、随钻压力监测以及油气层评价提供准确依据。

In order to solve the problem of complex oiliness and difficulty in identifying fluid types in Bozhong 13-1 south block of Bohai Oilfield, gas logging components, derived parameters and fluorescence display characteristics of different fluid types in Guantao formation of this block were studied by means of statistical gas logging data, log information and potential test data. The interpretation and evaluation criteria for gas logging and fluorescence of Guantao formation were established. At the same time, geochemical bright spot chart was established by using geochemical parameters and their derived parameters. Combing interpretation and evaluation criteria of gas logging and fluorescence with geochemical bright spot chart, the results of interpretation and evaluation of the present drilled exploration wells showed that the number of interpretating layers was 82 layers and 74 layers coincided with potential test, the coincidence rate of interpretation was 90.2%. The field comprehensive interpretation of new wells in this block was carried out, 14 layers were interpreted, of which 12 layers coincided with potential test, and the comprehensive interpretation coincidence rate was 85.7%. This method greatly improves the coincidence rate of field interpretation and provides a feasible basis for further exploration and development decision-making.

油、气、水在储集层内很少是单独存在的,大多以两相或者三相共存的形式存在,因此准确分析地层的含水特征,排除地层水对气测解释的干扰十分必要。冀东油田断块破碎,圈闭类型多,油、气、水分布状态复杂,尤其是在高尚堡、柳赞和柏各庄等已经注水开发的区块,地下流体分布情况更为复杂,识别难度增大。通过总结未灌满水、水溶气水、游离气水和蒸发水的气测特征,在进行气测解释时重点分析地层是否含水,解决了在气测解释中地层含水识别不清的问题,并在冀东油田10口井23层进行了实际应用,解释符合率达到86.96%,切实提高了现场气测录井的解释水平。

为提高延安气田定向井和水平井的钻井及压裂成功率,提升天然气开采效率,进行了延安气田直井和水平井的压裂微地震监测,分析了定向井压裂的特点及裂缝延伸规律,归纳了定向井和水平井目前采用的井身结构特点,以此为基础,指出延安气田定向井及水平井在钻井和压裂方面存在的问题,并且针对每个问题给出了相应的优化方案:将定向井井身结构由三段式优化为五段式,要求在钻达延安气田主要目的层系之前就降斜成直井段;应用定方位定射角射孔技术,集中压裂液和管网压力对有效储集层进行压裂;向上调整水平井的二开结束点至斜井段的中下部位置。该方案可以有效提高延安气田天然气采收率,应用效果显著。